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3. Strategy For Promoting The Use Of ICT In Education
3.1 Medium-Term Objectives
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The medium-term objectives for the period 2004-2010 are:
a) to build ICT infrastructure and provide hardware for education and training. This will include computer rooms and networks (local, intranets and Internet). Computers will be provided in educational institutions, secondary schools, colleges, universities, municipal/provincial education services and precinct/district education offices, community learning centres. MoEYS departments, municipal/provincial education services and precinct/district education offices will be linked together providing access to various databases and resources for educational management.
b) to develop human resources to meet the needs of the ICT and education sectors.
c) to promote innovative thinking, communication, problem solving skills, research and information retrieval and processing skills by using ICT as tool in teaching and learning.
d) to increase efficiency in administration by using ICT for educational management through the use of tools such as information management systems.
3.2 Medium Term Strategies
3.2.1 Human Resource Development
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a) In higher education, public and private, establish a range of courses for ICT professionals
b) In teacher training institutions, train all teacher trainers in the use of ICT for administration and professional development. In addition, train teacher of secondary school teachers to become ICT literate so that they can use of ICT for supporting teaching and learning
c) Update the curriculum for training of primary school teachers to include the use of ICT for administration and professional development
d) Update the curriculum for training of secondary school teachers to include the use of ICT for administration, professional development and as a tool to support teaching and learning
e) Promote ICT-based research activities and independent and lifelong learning in every education institution
f) Train at least one member of staff from each of all educational institutions in computer maintenance and repair.
3.2.2 Hardware and Infrastructure
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a) Equip all teacher training colleges and universities with the necessary hardware and infrastructure to allow teachers and students to access to computers and the Internet. Provide budget for repair and maintenance.
b) Provide power supply to all secondary schools and equip them with the hardware to give students access to computers, radio and TV for learning. Available resources should be used to the full capacity. For example school computer rooms should also be used by the community and out-of-school children.
c) Provide a mobile ICT learning (m-learning) service to deprived areas where electricity and connectivity is not available.
d) Promote the use of community learning centres, community information centres and community libraries. Expand activities to include the use of video, radio and TV for learning. Work with NGO partners to provide more facilities for out of school youth.
e) Set up an education TV station and a radio station and managed by well trained staff to serve the education system
f) Where possible, provide power supply and the Internet connection to secondary schools.
3.2.3 Development of Local Contents, and Use of Open Source Software
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a) Encourage the use of open source software such as Linux and Star Office. Open source software refers any software, which may be copied and used freely, with little or no copyright restrictions.
b) Promote the development of content in Khmer for both formal schools and distance education and equivalency programmes by providing an annual award for the best teaching and learning resources submitted to the National Clearing House.
c) Promote the development of the Operating System in the Khmer language, which will greatly facilitate all literate people in Cambodia to use ICT for communication and learning.
3.2.4 Use of ICT In Schools
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a) In secondary schools, promote the use of ICT to enhance the quality of teaching and learning, initially in science, foreign languages, social science and maths.
b) Modify the secondary curriculum to include suggestions for use of ICT where available for teaching of science, foreign languages, social sciences and maths. The curriculum should also encourage the use of technologies such as VCDs, video and audiotapes, radio and television.
c) Offer ICT as a life skill course where resources permit.
d) The use of ICT in schools should abide by an ethical setting to response to the four pillars of the national education system.
3.2.5 Knowledge Management System
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a) Set up an online National Clearing House for teaching and learning resources in Khmer and foreign languages.
b) Ensure the links to useful educational portals and websites, collections of teaching and learning resources prepared by teachers and other professionals, and collections of freeware and shareware software for free download, which are available in Cambodia and on line worldwide.
3.2.6 ICT Applications for Open Schools and Distance Education
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Given the fact that only 20 % of the children aged 12-15 has access to secondary schools in 2004, The Ministry will promote the application of ICT for expanding access to primary and secondary education through "Open Schools". Open schools, Distance Education or Equivalency Education, will be created under the current ESSP five year plan (2004-08) to provide:
a) educational opportunities in dispersed locations where conventional schools are not viable;
b) a choice to learners of what, when and where they want to learn;
c) a safety net to school drop-outs to continue their education;
d) an education to those who want to combine work and learning
The educational services will be delivered through printed media as well as an interactive multi media, including radio, television, mobile phone, Internet and e-mail. The Ministry intends to set up its own Education Radio and Television within the EFA time frame.
3.2.7 ICT Use in Universities
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Since Cambodia is in serious shortage of well-trained lecturers and professors, it is essential that the universities must use its scarce human resources to their full capacities through ICT as well as connecting learners to virtual learning resources worldwide. The Ministry will promote the use of ICT in teaching and learning process, research and administration by creating a cyber campus consortium and linking this to other virtual universities in other countries. It will also promote the digitising of the Khmer language books and translating of foreign core books into Khmer.
3.2.8 Cooperation and Partnership
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a) Promote cooperation with national, non-governmental and international organizations and charity individuals inside the country and abroad to give a thrust to the development of ICT in education.
b) Build partnership with civil societies and private entities inside the country and abroad to share ICT resources to minimize digital gaps in the region.
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